The garbage dump of the city of Kara-Balta.
Semi-wild dumps are one of the significant factors of pollution that negatively impact natural components: the atmosphere, water sources, soil, and plant and animal life. By being located directly on the soil cover, dumps remove a significant portion of land from agricultural circulation and the biosphere, introducing pollutants into them.
When waste placed in unauthorized dumps ignites, toxic and poisonous substances are released into the atmosphere. Atmospheric precipitation washes out heavy metals and other substances from the dump body, which, by contaminating the soil, infiltrate surface waters. With prolonged storage in dump layers, biogas begins to form, the main components of which are flammable methane and carbon dioxide. Unauthorized dumps are breeding grounds for insects and rats, active carriers of infection.
Unauthorized dumps occupy a place in the system of environmental monitoring as sources of impact on all components of the environment.
An important feature of this source of environmental pollution is its spatial and temporal variability, both in volume and composition. Dumps are dangerous sources of environmental pollution, primarily affecting soils, surface and groundwater, and animal and plant life.
The greatest danger is posed by dumps located in water protection zones of water bodies, river floodplains, low-lying areas (ravines, gullies), near drinking water wells, and on agricultural fields.
The size of spontaneous dumps is increasing at a catastrophic rate. They consume land, lead to the death of local flora and fauna, expand to the nearest settlements, and poison people. The irrational, outdated, and immoral policies of local authorities and capital officials in the field of waste collection and disposal have resulted in thousands of semi-wild dumps operating in Kyrgyzstan. All of them do not meet modern requirements for the organization of such facilities. Dozens of hectares of beautiful and invaluable land have been allocated for dumps.
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