The Spontaneous Dump of the City of Sulyukt
Landfills are one of the significant factors of pollution that negatively impact natural components: the atmosphere, water sources, soil, and plant and animal life. By being located directly on the soil surface, landfills remove a significant portion of land from agricultural use and the biosphere, introducing pollutants into them.
When waste placed in unauthorized landfills ignites, toxic and harmful substances are released into the atmosphere. Atmospheric precipitation washes heavy metals and other substances from the landfill mass, contaminating the soil and infiltrating surface waters. With prolonged storage in landfill layers, biogas begins to form, the main components of which are flammable methane and carbon dioxide. Unauthorized landfills are breeding grounds for insects and rats, active carriers of infection.
Unauthorized landfills occupy a place in the system of environmental monitoring as sources of impact on all components of the environment.
An important feature of this source of environmental pollution is its spatial and temporal variability, both in volume and composition. Landfills are dangerous sources of environmental pollution, primarily affecting soils, surface and groundwater, and animal and plant life.
The greatest danger is posed by landfills located in water protection zones of water bodies, floodplains of rivers, low-lying areas (ravines, gullies), near drinking water wells, and on agricultural fields.
The size of spontaneous landfills is increasing at a catastrophic rate. They consume land, lead to the death of local flora and fauna, expand towards the nearest settlements, and poison people. The irrational, outdated, and immoral policies of local authorities and capital officials regarding the collection and disposal of municipal solid waste have resulted in thousands of semi-spontaneous dumps operating in Kyrgyzstan. All of them do not meet modern requirements for the organization of such facilities. Dozens of hectares of beautiful and invaluable land have been allocated for landfills.
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